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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | The Assassins, a sect of Nizari Ismailis, begin to acquire strongholds in Persia | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Rival Berber tribesmen, the Almohads, evict the Almoravids from Marrakech and soon conquer the whole north African coast | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Alfonso I takes Lisbon from the Muslims, with the unexpected help of some passing English crusaders | |
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| 1147 |
| | | The second crusade is led east by two kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany | |
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| 1147 |
| | | Seville falls to the Almohads, from north Africa, who make it their Spanish capital | |
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| 1148 |
| | | By the time Louis VII and Conrad III reach the Holy Land they have lost more than half their joint armies to Muslim attacks | |
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| 1148 |
| | | Louis VII and Conrad III do grave harm to the Latin Kingdom by a feeble attack that merely alienates the previously friendly city of Damascus | |
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